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The environment of Malaysia refers to the biotas and geologies that constitute the natural environment of this Southeast Asian nation. Malaysia's ecology is megadiverse, with a biodiverse range of flora and fauna found in various ecoregions throughout the country. Tropical rainforests encompass between 59% to 70% of Malaysia's total land area, of which 11.6% is pristine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malaysia – Flora and fauna )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malaysia – Environment )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malaysia: Environmental Profile )〕 Malaysia has the world's fifth largest mangrove area, which totals over a half a million hectares (over 1.2 million acres).〔 Human intervention poses a significant threat to the natural environment of this country. Agriculture, forestry and urbanization contribute to the destruction of forests, mangroves and other thriving ecosystems in the country.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malaysia: Acacia plantation plan threatens the Belum-Temenggor forest ) 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Development threatens Malaysia's mangroves )〕 Ecosystems and landscapes are dramatically altered by human development, including but not limited to the construction of roads and damming of rivers. Geographical phenomena, such as landslides and flooding in the Klang Valley, along with haze, stem from widespread deforestation. Subtle climate change occurs as a direct result of air pollution and the greenhouse effect, which in turn is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases. Low-lying areas near the coastline of Sabah and Sarawak are under threat from current sea level rise. The environment is the subject of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment at the federal level. The Department of Wildlife and National Parks is responsible for the preservation of flora and fauna in Malaysia. Several have been established to raise awareness regarding the environmental issues in Malaysia. ==Biota== Malaysia is home to 15500 species of higher plants, 746 birds, 379 reptiles, 198 amphibians, and 368 species of fish.〔 There are also 286 species of mammals in Malaysia, of which 27 are endemic and 51 are threatened. Some of these mammals are found in both Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. The former has 193 species of mammals, while the latter has 215. Among the mammals that are native to Malaysia include the Asian elephant, the Indochinese tiger, the Leopard Cat and the Pot-bellied pig. Endangered species include the orangutan, the tiger, the Asian elephant, the Malayan tapir, the Sumatran rhinoceros and the Singapore roundleaf horseshoe bat. The tropical moist broadleaf forests of Peninsular Malaysia consist of 450 species of birds and over 6000 different species of trees, of which 1000 are vascular plants that occur naturally in karsts. The rainforests of East Malaysia are denser, with over 400 species of tall dipterocarps and semihardwoods.〔 The national flower of Malaysia is the ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'', an evergreen that was introduced into the Malay peninsula in the 12th century. The ''rafflesia'' is also widely found in the country. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Environment of Malaysia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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